Chin J Dent Res 2016;19(1):9–16; doi: 10.3290/j.cjdr.a35692
人類乳頭狀瘤病毒（HPV）與口咽癌：以史為鑒
Human Papilloma Virus and Oropharyngeal Carcinoma – Lessons from History
Alexander Chris VLANTIS
本文由來自香港中文大學威爾士王子醫院的Alexander Chris VLANTIS醫生為我們介紹了人類乳頭狀瘤病毒（HPV）與口咽癌關系的歷史經驗。
HPV是一種常見的病毒，世界上10%的人口的上皮組織都受到其感染。除大部分性活躍的人群已被感染外，還有很多健康人群攜帶并用機體免疫力控制著感染。
HPV在宮頸黏膜的感染比較頑固，與幾乎所有的宮頸癌相關。幸運的是，宮頸癌篩查的敏感性和特異性都很高，可以顯著降低宮頸癌的發病率。雖然如此，宮頸癌仍是導致癌癥死亡的主要原因之一。
越來越多人的口咽黏膜受到HPV的持續感染，導致口咽癌的潛在增長，在有吸煙史的老年男性當中尤為明顯。
有研究中心報道70%的口咽癌與HPV感染相關，獨立于飲酒和吸煙這些危險因素，也有一些中心報告僅有20%相關。
目前，對高危患者的教育尚不到位，口咽腔HPV感染的檢出率也僅有40%。未來在唾液和血漿中檢測病毒DNA可能是更有效的檢測手段。HPV疫苗從2006年起就已上市，但在很多國家都尚未開始常規使用。HPV陽性的口咽癌發病率目前尚不明確。醫務人員需對此疾病高度重視。
Chin J Dent Res 2016;19(1):9–16; doi: 10.3290/j.cjdr.a35692
Human Papilloma Virus and Oropharyngeal Carcinoma – Lessons from History
Alexander Chris VLANTIS1
The human papilloma virus (HPV) is a common virus that infects epithelium in 10% of the world’s population. While most sexually active people become infected, the majority with a healthy natural immunity control their infection. When the infection becomes persistent in cervical mucosa for instance, it is associated with nearly all cervical cancers. Fortunately cervical cancer screening is both sensitive and specific and when accessed has led to significant reductions of this disease. Despite this, cervical cancer still remains one of the leading causes of death from cancer. Oropharyngeal mucosa is becoming persistently infected with HPV in an increasing number of people leading to a potential epidemic of oropharyngeal carcinoma. While only 10% of new oropharyngeal infections persist, those in elderly men who smoke are more likely to do so. Some centres report more than 70% of oropharyngeal cancers are associated with HPV infection, which is different to cancers caused by alcohol and tobacco. Other centres report only a 20% association. Education against high-risk sexual behaviour has been met with limited success. Screening for oropharyngeal HPV infection has been disappointing with a pickup rate of only 40%. Some hope lies in detecting viral DNA in both the saliva and plasma. A HPV vaccine has been available since 2006 but is not yet routinely given to both sexes in many countries. Its effect on the incidence of HPV-positive oropharyngeal carcinomas is currently unknown. Vigilance by dental and medical colleagues in the meantime is essential.
Key words: cervical carcinoma, human papilloma virus, oropharyngeal carcinoma, screening, vaccination
來源：中華口腔醫學會
